<p>The Charlotte County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse complex located at Charlotte Court House, Charlotte County, Virginia. It was built in 1821–1823, and is a brick, temple-form structure, measuring approximately 45 feet wide and 71 feet deep. It features a tetrastyle Tuscan order portico with whitewashed stuccoed columns. It is based on plans supplied by Thomas Jefferson and is a prototype for numerous Roman Revival court buildings erected in Virginia in the 1830s and 1840s. Also on the property is a two-story, three-bay, brick office building used as a law office and a late Victorian Clerk&#39;s office, with a distinctive entrance tower and arched entrance.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is located in the Charlotte Court House Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Mulberry Hill is a historic plantation house located near Randolph, Charlotte County, Virginia. The original section dates to the 18th century and forms the slightly projecting, gable-end, two-story front center pavilion. Flanking this center section are single-bay two-story wings added in the mid-19th century. At the same time, a two-story rear wing was added. The front facade features a mid-19th century porch with a full Doric order entablature supported on octagonal Doric columns. Also on the property are the contributing Judge Paul Carringtons office building, a brick kitchen, a frame spinning house, a dairy, a smokehouse, a privy, and servants quarters. It was the home plantation of 18th century political official and jurist Paul Carrington . He is buried on the plantation grounds.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. In 1999 the Butler family donated the plantation to the state as an expansion of Staunton River Battlefield State Park.</p><br>
<p>Twin Sisters are the twin summits of the highest peak in the Howell Mountains of Solano and Napa Counties, California.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The peak straddles a ridge separating the Suisun Valley wine region in Solano County on the east side from the Napa Valley wine region on the west side, and is a prominent landmark visible from most points in Suisun Valley. The north summit at an elevation of 2,259 ft is the tallest of the two, and the lower south summit rises to an elevation of 2,177 ft. It is the second highest peak in Solano County, Mount Vaca being the highest.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of name</h2><br>
<p>The origin of the name Twin sisters is unknown. However, the name was evidently well established when Munro-Fraser (1879) wrote his History of Solano County.</p><br>
<h2>B18A bomber crash site</h2><br>
<p>The lower (south) summit of Twin Sisters is the site of a pre World War II crash on 24 October 1941 of an Army Air Corps B-18A Bolo bomber that killed all five crew members during a relatively short flight from Hamilton Field military air base to nearby McClellan Field. The south summit is also the highest privately owned peak in the San Francisco Bay Area, which led in 2003 to the building of a controversial house, the "house above the morning clouds", very close to the summit crash site by Cigarettes Cheaper! entrepreneur John Roscoe. This led to subsequent calls for county ordinances to prevent future ridge-top building. Roscoe reportedly spent $34 million buying the property and building the house, then put it up for sale in 2005 for $19 million. Following his felony conviction for fraud in 2011, the house was listed for $4.9 million, and it finally sold in 2012 for $3.4 million. This house burned to the ground on Tuesday, 10 Oct 2017 when the Atlas Fire burned over 51,000 acres in the northern California wine country over several days in early October of 2017. What little wreckage of the B-18A bomber remains is located only 100 ft from the driveway leading to the charred ruins of this house.</p><br>
<p>Four Locust Farm, also known as Pettus Dairy Farm, is a historic home and farm complex located near Keysville, Charlotte County, Virginia. The property includes a vernacular farm house dwelling, built around 1859, and a row of 20th-century farm buildings. The house is a two-story, three-bay-wide, frame dwelling that is covered by a low-pitched, hipped roof of standing-seam metal, and clad with weatherboards. Farm buildings include frame and masonry dairy/hay barns, silos, a milk house, workshop, equipment sheds, cattle pens, and tenant houses. The farm produced tobacco from 1919 until 1925; beginning in 1925, the farm turned to dairy production with a 100-head Holstein-Friesian herd. In 1962, the farm ended its dairy operations and turned to beef cattle production. The farm is now owned and operated by Pettus&#39;s grandson, Zach Tucker.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Charlotte Court House Historic District is a national historic district located at Charlotte Court House, Charlotte County, Virginia. The district includes 46 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, 3 contributing structures, and 2 contributing objects in Charlotte Court House. The district is centered on the separately listed Charlotte County Courthouse. Other notable buildings include the former county jail , Brick Tavern , Charlotte County Farm Bureau building, St. John&#39;s Masonic Lodge , Charlotte County Public Library , Village Presbyterian Church and cemetery , Charlotte Court House United Methodist Church , Diamond Hill , Villeview , W. B. Ramsey House , Charlotte County Elementary School , and Randolph-Henry High School .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Charles M. Pratt House near Ojai, California is a historic Arts and Crafts-style house that was built in 1909 as a winter home for industrialist Charles Millard Pratt. Also known as Casa Barranca, it is one of the iconic "ultimate bungalows" designed by noted architects Charles and Henry Greene of Greene and Greene.</p><br>
<p>It is a unique house, built for a client with "unlimited resources" in a rural location that allowed the architects to place the house "in a truly natural setting&quot this "was the fulfillment of a lifelong interest of the architects." With the building site chosen within the original 14 acre parcel, an adjacent 38-acre parcel was purchased to preserve "the all important viewshed to which the house is directed." The combination of factors allowed the work to be created very consistently with intended principles of the Arts and Crafts movement. The structure and cladding of the building are almost completely honest and devoid of mannered veneers and false beams contained in the other "ultimate bungalows". It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. As of the listing, the house and views are perfectly preserved.</p><br>
<p>The Pratts partially owned the nearby Foothills Hotel, which they could use for entertaining, so "they only needed the house to serve as “sleeping quarters” and family relaxation."</p><br>
<p>The Bank of Oberlin, located at 187 S. Penn in Oberlin, Kansas, was a bank whose building was constructed in 1886. The building, also known as the Decatur County Courthouse and as First National Bank of Oberlin, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1994.</p><br>
<p>It is a 28 x two-story red brick building. The brick walls include corbelling and a herringbone panel beneath each window and are "beautiful", in contrast to the walls of many historic buildings in Oberlin that have been covered with stucco or siding.</p><br>
<p>The Bank of Oberlin occupied the building until 1894, when it closed due to the Panic of 1893. Decatur County acquired the building as part of a settlement following the bank&#39;s failure, and it used the building as its first permanent courthouse until 1927.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant "for its historical association with the growth and development of Oberlin" and "for its architectural significance as an Italianate commercial building."</p><br>
<p>Petroglyph Canyon  is an archaeologically significant canyon in the northwestern United States. Located on both sides of the border between Montana and Wyoming, the canyon has long been obscure due to its small size. However, it gained substantial attention in the late 20th century because of its numerous prehistoric petroglyphs, and much of it was named a historic site in the 1970s.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Petroglyph Canyon&#39;s most significant portion is located in the southern half of Section 35, Township 9 South, Range 26 East, within far southern Carbon County, Montana. beginning 1 mile north of the most significant area and extending approximately 2.5 mi into Big Horn County, Wyoming. The walls and boulders in the canyon are primarily sandstone, having been weathered to a dark brown color, although under the surface the stone is a lighter tan color.</p><br>
<h2>Petroglyphs</h2><br>
<p>A portion of the canyon measuring approximately 800 ft long features numerous prehistoric petroglyphs, both on the canyon walls and on boulders. At least eighteen different groups of carvings are known, in addition to features such as hearths and small pieces of stone resulting from the manufacturing process for stone tools. Most of the petroglyphs were created by "pecking" tiny holes, although one group is formed of lines that were clearly engraved into the rock. The majority of designs at Petroglyph Canyon feature humans or large game animals such as bison and bighorn sheep. Some carvings clearly feature men or women, many of which appear with sexual imagery such as phallic symbols or external female genitalia respectively. Some of the carvings are old enough that they have begun to weather to the dark color of the surrounding stone, but most show little sign of erosion. A few designs at the site, such as personal names, have obviously been added much more recently by vandals, but such carvings are rare and were typically placed near older designs instead of on top of them.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>Petroglyph Canyon received its present name in 1967, when an archaeological survey discovered the carvings; it had appeared on numerous maps published since 1859, but no map published before 1967 provided a name for the canyon. The first "official" use of the current name was made in 1975, when the canyon was listed on the National Register of Historic Places; it appears on the National Register as "Petroglyph Canyon". Since that time, the name has commonly been used by agencies such as the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service, as well as by local residents. In 1992, the Board on Geographic Names officially gave the canyon its current name.</p><br>
<p>The canyon was listed on the National Register as an important archaeological site, as modern vandalism — whether carvings or occasional digging into the canyons stone-tool manufacturing sites — had been unable to diminish its unparalleled quality. Petroglyph sites have been found throughout Montana, but "pecked" sites are far rarer than in states such as Wyoming or Utah, and Petroglyph Canyon features a broader range of artwork with less deterioration than almost any other Montana rock art site. When the site was listed, Bureau of Land Management archaeologists hoped to conduct future work at the site to compare it with other rock art sites in the region. Because the sites styles more closely resemble what has been found at distant sites than they do other nearby sites, it is hoped that such comparisons will reveal the migration patterns of the peoples who created sites such as Petroglyph Canyon.</p><br>
<p>Eppington is a historic plantation house located near Winterpock, Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was built about 1768, and consists of a three-bay, 2 1/2-story, central block with hipped roof, dormers, modillion cornice, and flanking one-story wings in the Georgian style. It has a later two-story rear ell. It features two tall exterior end chimneys which rise from the roof of the wings. Its builder, Francis Eppes, was brother-in-law and first cousin of Martha Jefferson , the wife of Thomas Jefferson. After her death, Eppes and his wife raised Jeffersons two daughters, while their father was Minister to France. Charles Eppes sent samples of american trees, including Bald Cypress, Eastern Red Cedar, Southern Magnolia and Wax-myrtle as well as hams from Monticello to Thomas Jefferson in France at Thomas Jeffersons request. Daughters of the Eppes studied natural and agricultural sciences, noting what times of year crops came in as well as when Eastern whip-poor-wills arrived and started singing. One of the daughters, Lucy Elizabeth, died in 1784 and was buried at Eppington. Mary  Jefferson , married in 1797 her cousin, John Wayles Eppes  and spent much of her time at Eppington.</p><br>
<p>In 1790, Charles Eppes had 124 slaves and 2 white overseers living on Eppington. As early as 1806, a school building was on the property. Later, by the mid-eighteen hundreds, the building was converted into a kitchen to replace a previous building that had been the kitchen.</p><br>
<p>Archibald Thweatt acquired Eppington over several purchases starting on December 1812. Epps Falls, at Eppington, were deemed dangerous for passing boats by the Virginia General Assembly. The General Assembly, in 1819, gave Archibald Thweatt, owner of Eppington, compensation from any damages but allowed the Upper Appomattox Canal company to build a dam and locks around the falls. Archibald Thweatt and his heirs were also given leave to build a grist mill on the dam. Archibald Thweatt raised Merino wool. Also, in 1819, he made a land arrangement which was critical to keep open the right of way road from Richmond to Petersburg.</p><br>
<p>When the Upper Appomattox Canal Navigation System was complete, neighboring farmers could ship farm produce from the docks at Eppington. There were large loading facilities. When coal was first mined at the Clover Hill Pits, in 1837, it was taken by mule, later by rail, to the docks at Epps Falls. A boat that could carry seven tons of coal, made a four-day round trip to Petersburg for two dollars and thirty eight cents. Rail Service to the docks was discontinued when the Clover Hill Railroad was built to the James River. But it was latter added back when the successor, the Brighthope Railway was expanded in 1881.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>Pleasant View, also known as Trabue&#39;s Tavern, is a historic plantation house located near Midlothian, Chesterfield County, Virginia. The original section was built about 1730, and consists of two parts—an early 1 1/2-story western wing with a lean-to and a later two-story eastern wing with a one-story rear lean-to. Both sections are frame structures with gable roofs. Also on the property are several contributing buildings: an outhouse, well house, dairy, smokehouse, two kitchen buildings, schoolhouse, and family cemetery. Macon Trabue installed a wrought iron fence around the cemetery in the mid-nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The property was owned by the Trabue family, an ethnic French Huguenot family who were among the principal mine-owners in the town. They used the house as an inn patronized by travelers and miners alike.</p><br>
<p>The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Bellwood, also known as Auburn Chase, New Oxford, Sheffield, and Defense Supply Center Richmond Officers Club-Building 42, is an historic plantation house located near Richmond in Chesterfield County, Virginia. Bellwood was built on land formerly owned by the Seth Ward family. Judge Richard Ward, son of the original Seth Ward immigrant, established Sheffield in 1665 and five subsequent generations of first born sons named Seth were raised at Sheffield. Seth Ward V sold the property to his aunt and uncle, Mary Ann Ward and Richard Claiborne Gregory in 1797. Richard Claiborne Gregorys son, Richard Augustus Gregory 1795-1835 built Bellwood about 1804, and it is a two-story, five bay, timberframe I-house dwelling with a low hipped roof in the Georgian style. The house is set on brick foundations and sheathed in weatherboard. The property also contains the Gregory Family cemetery, the historic elk pasture created by James Bellwood, and two feeding stations for the elk. In 1887, the house and farmlands were acquired by James Bellwood, who restored the depleted land and made the farm one of Virginias chief agricultural showplaces. In 1941, the Bellwood property was acquired by the USA Government and used for the Department of Defense General Supply Center. The house is maintained as the centers officers&#39; club.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. A boundary increase was proposed in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Tar Island is an island near the town of Rockport in the Canadian waters of the St. Lawrence River, and a part of the Thousand Islands, a freshwater archipelago.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Tar Island is about three kilometers long and a third of a kilometer wide, and separated from the northern shore of the river by sixty meters. It measures 262 acre in area and 8.0 km in perimeter. Situated on a small unnamed island near the head of Tar Island is an automatic lighthouse directing traffic for the Canadian Middle Channel of the St. Lawrence.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>A large deposit of black tourmaline is located just southeast of the island, intermixed with white quartz, cream colored feldspar, and green-yellow mica. The waters around Tar Island are home to American eel, now endangered.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tar Island was a site of Iroquois settlement, and contains arrowheads, bones, and a star painted in red ochre. According to the 18th century French captain Pierre Pouchot, a narrows between the island and Canadian shore was previously called Petit Detroit by the Iroquois, and used for baptizing newcomers to the river. During the War of 1812 Tar Island was the site of the 19 June 1814 ambush and capture of the British gunboat Black Snake, along with her captain Herman Landon, by American sailing master Francis Gregory.</p><br>
<p>Inhabitants of Tar Island have included Bruce Hunt (Prozack, Nikey and Addison), entomologist William Steel Creighton, industrialist Robert Hewitt, farmer Ralph Hodge (described in Thompson&#39;s Soul of the River,) and videogame designer Brian Reynolds. Farming (including products such as corn) has not been practiced on Tar Island since 1990, with land now primarily used for summer cottages.</p><br>
<p>Customs House Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 116 Wharf Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1868. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Custom House Hotel is the oldest extant hotel in Maryborough, constructed in 1868 for George Galbraith.</p><br>
<p>The original township of Maryborough was situated, not in its current place, but on the north of the Mary River, after wharves were established in 1847-8, to provide transport for wool from sheep stations on the Burnett River. In 1852 the growing town was gradually transferred further north where ships were able to better navigate the river. Development followed and by March 1861, Maryborough became a municipality, the Borough of Maryborough.</p><br>
<p>With separation in 1859, Maryborough was declared a port and a customs official, or Sub-Collector, Mr Sheridan, was appointed and worked out of a small room where the Criterion Hotel now stands in Wharf Street. By 1861 the Customs House had been constructed on the corner of Richmond and Wharf Street and two years after this Bond Store was built alongside the Customs House to provide needed accommodation for the bonding of dutiable goods when ad valorem duties were introduced.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the Custom House Hotel was to be constructed was purchased as two lots in May 1852, one by Henry Palmer and the other by Hugh Roland Labatt. In February 1865, George Galbraith became part owner of the lot closest to the corner of Richmond and Wharf Streets, where the initial stage of the hotel was to be constructed. A two storeyed brick hotel was built in 1868 by Galbraith, it is unclear who designed the building. In 1870, Galbraith also bought the adjacent lot, and extended the hotel further along Wharf Street in that year. At this stage further accommodation was added to the first floor and a billiard room was added to the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>Galbraith retained the hotel until July 1871 when John Franklin acquired the Certificate of Title. Franklin had previously leased and operated another hotel in Maryborough, the Rose and Crown, at the corner of Lennox and Albert Streets. The Custom House Hotel has changed ownership many times, but continues to function as a hotel.</p><br>
<p>When built, the hotel&#39;s two storeyed verandah had cross-braced timber balustrading, but this was replaced with the present cast iron balustrade by 1894. By the 1950s the public bar area was extended on the truncated corner and two street elevations to the underside of the verandah, and a cantilevered awning was used to shade this area.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Custom House Hotel is a two storeyed brick building on the corner of Wharf and Richmond Streets, Maryborough. A two-storeyed residential wing extends from the rear of the hotel.</p><br>
<p>The building has a rectangular plan, extending further along the Wharf Street elevation, where a sympathetic later extension is found. The corner of the building is truncated and this is expressed on the hipped corrugated iron roof. Two-storeyed verandahs line the two principal facades of the building, though the corner of the first floor has been infilled. The verandahs, which are supported on square timber posts, feature a cast iron balustrade and frieze, though this has been replaced with different cast iron panels in some parts. Horizontal timber louvre blades to the second floor verandah survive on the Richmond Street elevation.</p><br>
<p>The public bar is entered via a door in the truncated corner of the building. This rendered concrete section has been infilled under the verandah, and has a cantilevered awning, and a series of nine hopper windows on each facade. The original wall of the building is evident within the public bar, though large holes have been cut away from it.</p><br>
<p>Access to the dining and accommodation rooms is through a double panel door flanked by a tripartite window arrangement surrounded by particularly fine joinery and sidelights. Over the door and windows are large glazed panels with signage, "CUSTOM HOUSE HOTEL" written. The entrance and windows are separated by moulded pilasters. Further along Wharf Street are many window openings of two generations, those closest to the corner of the Richmond Street have replacement arctic glass hoppers, whilst the remaining are multipane vertical sashes with deep reveals.</p><br>
<p>The entrance hall, through the opening in Wharf Street, features a pressed metal ceiling and cornice, and remnants of an early wall paper strip above the dado rail. The unpainted timber stair has an open welled three-quarter turn stairway, with turned balusters and square newels surmounted by acorn finials. From the entrance hall is access to the former dining and billiard rooms which have been substantially altered with a suspended ceiling and recent brick archways, though a chimney piece survives.</p><br>
<p>The first floor remains substantially intact, with a central plaster walled corridor featuring timber and plaster archways, timber skirtings and a beaded board ceiling. The accommodation rooms, accessed from the corridor, remain substantially intact with early furniture and fittings, including corner sinks fitted into small timber boarded cabinets. Entrance to the front verandah from the rooms facing the front is via french doors featuring fine margin paned glazing. A wide rear verandah ensures that all rooms have access to external space.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Customs House Hotel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Custom House Hotel demonstrates the pattern of growth in Maryborough, particularly near the docks, in and around Wharf Street.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The hotel is a good intact example of a Queensland country town hotel, characterised by its situation on a prominent corner with two storeyed post supported verandahs to the principal facades.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Custom House Hotel is an integral element of the Wharf Street streetscape, and is of value for its aesthetic characteristics, including fine joinery, cast iron verandah friezes and glazing.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>As the oldest extant hotel in Maryborough, the Custom House Hotel is of value to the community as a long serving public building.</p><br>
<p>Queen&#39;s Park is a heritage-listed botanic garden at Sussex Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. A reserve for the botanical gardens was gazetted in October 1873. It contains the Maryborough War Memorial. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Since it was gazetted in 1973, Queen&#39;s Park has undergone changes in use and in architectural and aesthetic features associated with the park.</p><br>
<h3>Public parkland</h3><br>
<p>In 1842, Andrew Petrie discovered the Monaboola stream, later the Mary River, upon which Maryborough grew as a port. In July 1847, Surveyor James Charles Burnett was sent to survey the area of the Burnett River and to comment on the conditions. The Wide Bay River (after Petrie&#39;s Monaboola) was renamed the Mary River by the Governor Charles Augustus FitzRoy after his wife. By July 1850, Surveyor Hugh Roland Labatt arrived in what was to become Maryborough with instructions to "examine the River Mary is to enable you to suggest to me the best site or sites for the laying of the town..." The site recommended for the town by Labatt was not where the initial settlement was established but further east. In 1852, the first sales of land at the present site of Maryborough were sold, and the settlement on the north side of the river became deserted, as larger vessels could not access these wharves.</p><br>
<p>The 1850s and 1860s were a time of growth and expansion in Maryborough, the first hospital was underway by 1859, a courthouse and lock-up was constructed in 1857; the School of Arts was established in 1861; also that year Messrs Gladwell and Greathead began the first sawmill. Upon the separation of Queensland in 1859, Maryborough was declared a port of entry. In March 1861, Maryborough was proclaimed a municipality, and Henry Palmer became the first Mayor. Palmer helped shape Maryborough&#39;s destiny during its early years. During a meeting of the Municipal Council of 3 November 1865, Palmer proposed that "immediate application be made by the Council to the government for all the portion of the Wharf Reserve not required for shipping purposes to be used as a public garden and for recreation purposes".</p><br>
<p>During the mid-1840s, amateur botanist, explorer and sometimes businessman, John Carne Bidwill collected specimens of trees from the Moreton Bay region. This tree was known to the Indigenous population by various names including Bunya Bunya. In local European circles, it was called Pinus petrianna, a description applied to the species either by or in recognition of pioneer free settler Andrew Petrie who, it is claimed by the Petrie family, was the discoverer of the species. Bidwill sent his specimen to Kew Gardens in London, where it classified as being a new species of the Araucaria genus. In recognition of Bidwills voluminous collectings in both eastern Australia and New Zealand, Petries pine was officially recognised as Araucaria bidwillii.</p><br>
<h3>Botanic gardens</h3><br>
<p>In 1854 Sir Charles Moore and Brisbane Botanical Gardens Curator Walter Hill made a collection of specimens from Bidwills garden. The Bunya Pine, located in the south-east corner of the Park, near the entrance gates, is thought to be a surviving tree from the collection. Amongst Bidwills plants was at least one specimen of Sausage Tree (Kigelia pinnata), also known as a Fetish tree. The Sausage Tree in the park is thought to be a surviving tree from Bidwill&#39;s collection.</p><br>
<p>By the late 1860s, the Brisbane Botanic Gardens were a well established centre for all things botanic in Queensland. A popular means of show casing the work of the gardens was participation in the colonial exhibitions. Walter Hill launched an extremely successful exhibit at the Intercolonial Exhibition held in Sydney in 1867. Reports in the press were favourable and had the effect of heightening community awareness of the potential use of gardens. Capitalising on this increased public perception, Hill set out to expand the botanic work in Queensland. At this time premium parks in Toowoomba and Ipswich were already established. As a result of this activity, Hill set out to insert working gardens in other places through Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Urban public parks became a popular vehicle for 19th century movements concerned with public health; the park provided a place for the outdoor recreation of those unable to afford private gardens and improved the environment of crowded central city and town areas. Botanic Gardens were started as part of an increasing interest in scientific understanding of the natural world. A botanic gardens was established in Brisbane in 1855 in response to 19th century interest in botany which saw botanic gardens established around the world, particularly in those colonised areas of the world where little formal knowledge of the interaction between geography and botany existed. An integral part of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens was a series of branch gardens in provincial areas throughout Queensland which provided botanic data across the wide spectrum of Queensland ecosystems.</p><br>
<p>Before proclamation as a park, the Queen&#39;s Park site was the location of a boiling down works operated by Edmund Blucher. Following the gazettal of the site as a Reserve for Botanical Gardens in October 1873, Trustees were appointed. They were Henry Palmer, Peter Graham, George Howard, Henry Stoward and Richard Bingham Sheridan, who was subsequently elected as Chairman by his fellow Trustees.</p><br>
<p>Sheridan was a public servant and politician was born in Ireland. He arrived in New South Wales in 1842 and joined the Customs Department in February 1846. In February 1853 because of ill health, he was transferred to Moreton Bay. On 10 December 1859, Sheridan was appointed sub-collector of customs at Maryborough. Sheridan was deeply involved in the life of Maryborough and was respected for his integrity, fairness and humanity. He initiated the Botanic Gardens and was involved in the foundation of the School of Arts and the hospital and was the first chairman of the building society. Sheridan won the Maryborough seat in the Legislative Assembly on 17 August 1883 and held it until 5 May 1888. In 1885 he had become a trustee of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens.</p><br>
<p>In 1876, Sheridan, submitted the second annual report on the Botanic Gardens, Maryborough. The report highlighted a number of factors relating to the park. The past season was considered to have been a highly successful one. At the time, the grounds placed under the control of the Trustees consisted of detached pieces, amounting to about 70 acres. One block, known as the Recreation Reserve, contained about 58 acres, and was fenced with a "substantial two-rail fence, and partially planted, and suitable gates are placed wherever found requisite, for public convenience". The remainder, about 12 acres, which was known as the Botanic Gardens, "..is that to which the Trustees devoted most attention, as it is situated immediately within the most populous part of town, and to some extent stretching along the river bank, renders it the favourite resort of the inhabitants, as evidenced by the great numbers who frequent the place..." The Botanic Gardens were planted with...useful and ornamental trees, shrubs and flowers. By 1876, the Botanic Gardens also contained an ornamental bridge and a gardeners cottage, as well as the construction of fencing. By 1876, several new walks had been laid out, flower beds and borders had been planted, hundreds of rare trees and shrubs had been introduced.</p><br>
<p>It was also reported in 1876 that:"the establishment of a Botanic Garden in the town, in addition to the pleasure it gives the local inhabitants, by affording them a place of healthful recreation and instruction, has spread a taste for floriculture throughout the entire district. In addition to supplying many person with ornamental plants and seeds, the Trustees have had the pleasure of being able to distribute amongst several sugar planters, sugar cane cuttings raised from a number of choice varieties kindly supplied by Mr Walter Hill from the Brisbane Botanic Garden last year; besides they are forming a nursery for new and useful fruit trees and vegetables, from which they hope in time to supply plants and seeds to all who may require them...The Trustees acknowledge, with thanks, having received donations of plants and seeds from the undermentioned gentlemen - Mr Walter Hill, Botanic Gardens, Brisbane; the Acclimatisation Society; Mr Armitage, Mackay; Mr Woodhouse, Rockhampton; and from Messrs Byerly, Barton, Brown, Byers, Denman, Byrne and Jones".Early photographs of the area dated show the crows ash (Flindersia australis). The crows ash is a species common to the original rainforests of coastal south east Queensland. Crows ash timber was used extensively for fencing, flooring, window sills and exterior decorative trimmings. Other historical photographs indicate that the banyan fig (Ficus benghalensis) was planted by at least 1905. Originating from Bengal in India, this particular species of fig is rare in Australia. The species is typified by its area roots which become multiple trunks and huge horizontal branches.</p><br>
<h3>Meville Fountain</h3><br>
<p>In 1890, the Melville or Fairy Fountain was unveiled under the rotunda. This was bequeathed by Miss Janet Melville to the City of Maryborough in memory of her brother, Andrew Wedderburn Melville. On his death in 1882 Janet inherited most of his fortune which she distributed locally. On her death she left £500 for the erection of a fountain and bandstand in the gardens.</p><br>
<p>The fountain chosen was exhibited at the Glasgow International Exhibition in 1888 and arrived in Maryborough in December and was erected early the following year. Although band concerts were held in the pavilion there were some difficulties encountered viewing the members of the band as the structure sat on ground level, not elevated as is normally the case of bandstands. Early in the twentieth century the bandstand was moved 18 metres and re-erected on a concrete plinth.</p><br>
<p>The rotunda was imported from Glasgow, from the William MacFarlane & Co, Saracen in Scotland. The Hon Andrew Heron Wilson MLC had chosen the structure in Glasgow after visiting the area. As constructed the rotunda was surrounded by a cast iron pilastered fence bed in a stone plinth.</p><br>
<p>At some time the fountain was shifted to allow the rotunda to be used as a bandstand. The fountain was a gift to the city from Miss Janet Melville who gave large sums of money to various Maryborough institutions including the hospital. The trustees of Janet&#39;s will authorised the Hon A.H. Wilson, to investigate suitable fountains during a Scotland holiday. Wilson selected the fairy fountain at the Glasgow International Exhibition and it arrived in Maryborough on 31 December 1889.</p><br>
<p>Janet Melville was one of the most generous benefactors in Maryborough, she came to Australia from Scotland with her brother Andrew Wedderburn Melville and his wife Maria in 1849. Andrew wrote for the Maryborough Chronicle and served a term as Mayor in 1863. He died 5 November 1882 and his wife died 23 October 1890.</p><br>
<p>A report in the Maryborough Chronicle detailed the unveiling of the fountain:The Melville Memorial Fountain is now erected under the ornamental pavilion in the Botanic Gardens and is at least an attractive object. From the centre of a large basin rises a column with griffin heads around the cap, which will spout water form their mouths. On the top of the column are three cranes in various attitudes and from the centre rises a funnel shaped tier out of which springs another of a similar design but smaller and in the centre of this is a golden cherub clasping a horn of plenty from which a jet of water is thrown upwards...In the 19th century, Walter MacFarlane&#39;s Saracen foundry was the largest in the world of its day covering ten acres with its own railway station and satellite suburb of Possilpark. The company exported their castings all over the world.</p><br>
<h3>Maryborough War Memorial</h3><br>
<p>The Maryborough War Memorial was unveiled on 19 November 1922 by Major General Reginald Spencer-Browne. It was designed by Philip Oliver Ellard Hawkes and produced by local monumental masonry firm Frederick William Webb. The granite and marble memorial honours the 100 local men who fell during the First World War and the 55 who fell in the Second World War.</p><br>
<p>Originally there were two sets of gates, however the outer pair were removed at some stage. The swing gates are made from British gun metal. The Memorial Gates were cast by the local Croydon Foundry.</p><br>
<p>In May 1920, a Memorial Committee was formed to collect subscriptions for the erection of a war memorial. The foundation stone was laid on 22 May 1921 by Lieutenant Colonel James Murdoch Archer Durrant, however, fund raising efforts were slow and Maryborough citizens were reminded that suburbs and outlying districts had already erected memorials. It was almost 18 months later that the memorial was finally unveiled.</p><br>
<p>As well as designing the monument, Hawkes selected the site, arranged importation of the statues through Anselm and Odling of Sydney and supervised the work. His first designs were not accepted by the memorial committee and he was instructed to submit alternatives. This second group of designs was also to be subject to public scrutiny.</p><br>
<p>Philip Oliver Ellard Hawkes was born in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales in 1882. He worked as an architect in Wagga Wagga, Perth, Melbourne and Launceston before being employed by the Queensland Government in 1909. This was a temporary position from which he resigned in November of the same year. He subsequently worked in Maryborough, Bundaberg and Kingaroy, forming a partnership as Hawkes and Palmer in Kingaroy and Maryborough between 1914 and 1917. In 1919 he was employed by the Commonwealth Government as District Adviser, registering as an architect (Queensland) in 1930.</p><br>
<p>The bronzework on the monument and the gates were made by Stevenson Brothers at Maryborough&#39;s Croyden foundry. At a cost of £2,300, the memorial is the second most expensive in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Australia, and Queensland in particular, had few civic monuments before the First World War. The memorials erected in its wake became our first national monuments, recording the devastating impact of the war on a young nation. Australia lost 60 000 from a population of about 4 million, representing one in five of those who served. No previous or subsequent war has made such an impact on the nation.</p><br>
<p>Even before the end of the war, memorials became a spontaneous and highly visible expression of national grief. To those who erected them, they were as sacred as grave sites, substitute graves for the Australians whose bodies lay in battlefield cemeteries in Europe and the Middle East. British policy decreed that the Empire war dead were to be buried where they fell. The word "cenotaph", commonly applied to war memorials at the time, literally means "empty tomb".</p><br>
<p>Australian war memorials are distinctive in that they commemorate not only the dead. Australians were proud that their first great national army, unlike other belligerent armies, was composed entirely of volunteers, men worthy of honour whether or not they paid the supreme sacrifice. Many memorials honour all who served from a locality, not just the dead, providing valuable evidence of community involvement in the war. Such evidence is not readily obtainable from military records, or from state or national listings, where names are categorised alphabetically or by military unit.</p><br>
<p>Australian war memorials are also valuable evidence of imperial and national loyalties, at the time, not seen as conflicting; the skills of local stonemasons, metalworkers and architects; and of popular taste. In Queensland, the soldier statue was the popular choice of memorial, whereas the obelisk predominated in the southern states, possibly a reflection of Queensland&#39;s larger working-class population and a lesser involvement of architects.</p><br>
<p>Many of the First World War monuments have been updated to record local involvement in later conflicts, and some have fallen victim to unsympathetic re-location and repair.</p><br>
<p>The Maryborough monument includes four statues and a winged figure of victory. Webb arranged for them to be imported from Italy through the Sydney firm, Anselm Odling and Company. Although they were commissioned for use in Queensland, they are very clearly Italian in character. This also occurred with other digger statues imported from Italy, however it is most obvious in this instance due to the number and types of figures. The memorial includes statues of a soldier, a sailor, an airman and Red Cross nurse. The latter, complete with rosary beads, is the most notably Italian in detail. Tablets commemorating the Second World War and subsequent wars were later added.</p><br>
<p>Since the mid-1990s, the Maryborough City Council has undertaken much restorative work to Queens Park, including reinstating the Cocos Palm Avenue (Queen palms), the rose trellis, maze gardens, the Melville Fountain and the Judges Walk. The pathway in Queens Park, leading from Bazaar Street to Wharf Street, is known as Judges Walk, in recognition of the judicial processions which took place there. The judges alighted from their carriages in Bazaar Street and proceeded in their robes to the court house. They were preceded by an escort and were followed by court attendants.</p><br>
<h3>Duncan Chapman statue</h3><br>
<p>On 24 April 2015, as part of the commemoration of centenary of the Gallipoli landing during World War I. A life-sized, bronze statue of Lieutenant Duncan Chapman was unveiled at a dawn service. Chapman was the first man to step ashore at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915 and served with the 45th Battalion. He was born in Maryborough on 15 May 1888 and attended Maryborough Grammar School. He was killed in action on 6 August 1916 at Pozieres, Somme, France and was interred at Pozieres British Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<h3>War Memorial</h3><br>
<p>The First World War Memorial is situated in a dominant position at the entrance to the Botanic Gardens, surrounded by a low rock wall garden bed. At the rear of the memorial is a set of large swing gates of wrought iron painted white and bearing commemorative lettering and the Australian Imperial Force badge. The gates are flanked by Helidon sandstone pillars. The memorial stands 45 feet to the top of the obelisk and comprises a base, four statues and the obelisk surmounted by a Winged Victory statue.</p><br>
<p>The grey granite monument sits on two circular concrete steps. The base comprises three layers of banded rock faced granite, cruciform in plan. Above each end of the cross are smooth-faced plinths. Each end face of the cross displays a bronze plaque with the names of the 100 local citizens who fell during the First World War. In the centre of the two front plinths is a larger bronze plaque with a granite triangular pediment detail. The front plinths also have additional bronze plaques commemorating the 55 soldiers who fell in the Second World War.</p><br>
<p>At each end of the cross stands a Carrara marble statue, facing outward. The statues are life-sized, and represent a Red Cross nurse, a soldier, a sailor and an airman. They all stand at ease and are remarkably Italian in detail.</p><br>
<p>In the centre of the four statues is a large obelisk sitting on a smooth-faced base capped with cyma recta mouldings. Bronze wreaths are located on the side and rear faces. Latin crosses are attached to the front and rear faces, as are bronze letters forming the words LEST WE FORGET. Surmounting the obelisk is a larger than life-sized Winged Victory figure in Carrara marble.</p><br>
<p>On either side of the memorial is a laurel wreath with dedication tablets with the following words:Maryborough&#39;s Grateful Tribute to HER GALLANT SONS, Who fell in the Great War, 1914-1918. The bravest thing God ever made, Our deathless dead not once dismayed. Theirs the greater love - Ours the debt unpaid.</p><br>
<h3>Entrance Gates</h3><br>
<p>The entrance gates are located at the rear of the memorial. They comprise a set of large swing gates of painted, wrought iron (British gun metal) bearing commemorative lettering and the AIF badge. The gates are flanked by Helidon sandstone pillars. Originally there were two sets of gates, however the outer pair were removed at some stage.</p><br>
<h3>The Bandstand and Melville Fountain</h3><br>
<p>The Bandstand is an ornamental pavilion in Queens Park, Maryborough which was originally constructed as shade over the Melville Memorial Fountain. The pavilion comprises a cast iron ogee curved shade supported on cast iron columns bedded in a concrete plinth. The Melville Fountain is located in near the south-eastern corner of Queens Park. It is cast iron and form the centre of a large basin a column rises with griffin heads around the cap. Water spouts out of the mouths of the griffins. On the top of the column are three cranes. From the centre rises a two funnel shaped, floral-type tiers, the lower tier larger, with a similarly designed upper tier. In the centre of the upper tier is a cherub clasping a horn of plenty from which a jet of water is thrown upwards.</p><br>
<h3>Fernery</h3><br>
<p>The single story, double-domed fernery is constructed of besser block and concrete with green shade covers placed over a framework of metal mesh. It is a dominant landmark terminating Adelaide Street where it meets Sussex Street.</p><br>
<h3>The Lily Pond</h3><br>
<p>The Lily Pond is located in the north-western corner of Queen&#39;s Park.</p><br>
<h3>Gardens</h3><br>
<p>Queens Park has larger, mature plantings including the Cocos Palm Avenue (Queen palms - Syagrus romanzoffiana) running north-south through the park and other trees, including banyan figs (Ficus benghalensis), poinciana trees (Delonix regia), celtis (Celtis sinensis) and weeping figs (Chinese elms or Hackberry trees - Ficus benjamina), running north-west to south-east through the park and, especially, the banyan fig, crows ash (Flindersia australis), sausage tree (Kigelia pinnata) and bunya pine (Araucaria bidwillii), all of which are located in the south-east corner of Queens Park close to the entrance gates.</p><br>
<p>Pathways and seating areas are located throughout Queen&#39;s Park.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Queen&#39;s Park was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#x27;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland botanic gardens network is important in demonstrating the introduction of multi-purpose scientific centres for the development of economic and ornamental botany for the benefit of the colony as a whole. Queen&#39;s Park, Maryborough, gazetted in 1873 as a Botanic Gardens is significant as the premier recreation and botanic retreat for the district. It demonstrates the importance of Maryborough as a major regional centre, demonstrating the desire to sustain a scientific, educational and recreational centre of international repute.</p><br>
<p>Founded on consistent ideological principles the Queensland botanic gardens demonstrate a clear and identifiable type of place. In terms of design, congruous hard and soft landscape features generate a sense of place that transfers to each a specific location. As a regional park, Queen&#39;s Park, Maryborough has maintained a position within a national and international network of botanic gardens of which the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in London, was the originating hub.</p><br>
<p>The Bandstand in Queen&#39;s Park, erected in 1890 demonstrates the growth of Maryborough in the late nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>War Memorials are important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history as they are representative of a recurrent theme that involved most communities throughout the state. They provide evidence of an era of widespread Australian patriotism and nationalism, particularly during and following the First World War. The monuments manifest a unique documentary record and are demonstrative of popular taste in the inter-war period.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Queen&#39;s Park, Maryborough, demonstrates the principal characteristics of a provincial botanic reserve, with a greater emphasis placed on the creating of a mixed collection of living exotic and native plants. The collection includes specimens rare in cultivation or of great maturity or both. Plantings dating from the nineteenth century include evidence of aesthetic, economic and experimental plants.</p><br>
<p>The bandstand is an unusual surviving example of an imported cast iron structure from William MacFarlane & Co, Saracen in Glasgow. The bandstand demonstrates the characteristics of nineteenth century cast iron bandstands. Unveiled in 1922, the memorial at Maryborough demonstrates the principal characteristics of a commemorative structure erected as an enduring record of a major historical event. This is achieved through the use of appropriate materials and design elements.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Queens Park has individual items of particular aesthetic merit, including the Bandstand and Memorial Fountain (1890); the War Memorial and Memorial Gates (1922); the geodesic-domed Fernery, a dominant landmark, especially from the view along the streetscape where Adelaide Street meets Sussex Street; the Lily Pond; the avenues of trees, including banyan figs, poinciana trees, celtis and weeping figs, running north-west to south-east through Queens Park; the Cocos Palm Avenue running north-south through the park, and mature plantings, especially the banyan fig, crows ash, sausage tree and bunya pine, all of which are located in the south-east corner of Queen&#39;s Park. The structure (bandstand) is of aesthetic value as a picturesque addition to the park.</p><br>
<p>A major regional war memorial, it is also of aesthetic significance, as one of the most elaborately and unusually designed monuments in Queensland still surviving in its intact surrounds. It is also an uncommon example of statues which are representative of Italian models rather than Australian. As a large scale regional memorial it forms a dominant landmark within the town.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>As the first park established by the Maryborough City Council, Queen&#39;s Park demonstrates the commitment to provide recreational and educational facilities for the people of Maryborough and surrounding areas. Many important events have taken place in the gardens, and the place is generally held in high regard by the community and is a popular place for visitors to Maryborough. It is significant as a Maryborough landmark and for its visual amenity.</p><br>
<p>The place has social significance as a long used and popular reserve for public recreation and as an early example of the history of the state government vesting local authorities with the maintenance and control of public reserves. The park and garden feature a number of memorials and elements, commemorating well known local citizens, including Richard Bingham Sheridan. The memorial has a strong association with the community as evidence of the impact of a major historic event and also with Maryborough architect P.O.E. Hawkes as an unusual example of his work and local monumental masonry firm, F.W. Webb.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#x27;s history.</p><br>
<p>Queens Park, Maryborough is significant for its special association with the pioneering work of Richard Bingham Sheridan, and Henry Palmer, the first Mayor of Maryborough. Queens Park, Maryborough is significant for its association with Walter Hill. Every Queensland botanic garden from the nineteenth century network is associated with the ground breaking work of Hill. His powerful personality guided the establishment, location and development of this group of places. The expertise he contributed to the process was invaluable to the implementation of scientific principles in remote Queensland places. The bandstand has a special association with the life of Miss Janet Melville and her brother, Andrew Wedderburn Melville, prominent Maryborough citizens.</p><br>
<p>The Visitor Center at Cedar Breaks National Monument was built in 1937 by the Civilian Conservation Corps  in the National Park Service Rustic style. The visitor center is located on the rim of the Cedar Breaks amphitheater, overlooking the stone rock formations. It was constructed of peeled logs with dramatically extended ends, cut to a tapered buttress shape. A large, battered stone chimney at one end echoes the log detailing. The roof is covered by cedar shakes, with extended log purlin ends.</p><br>
<p>The cabin has two rooms on 606 square feet (65 m2) with an attached porch. The porch is inset into the front facade, covered by an inset shed roof.</p><br>
<p>The Cedar Breaks Caretaker&#39;s Cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 4, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Deering Bridge, near Sutton, Nebraska, is a historic bridge that was built in 1916. It is a concrete spandrel arch bridge designed by the Nebraska Bureau of Roads & Bridges and built by the Lincoln Construction Co. Also known as School Creek Bridge and as NEHBS No. CY00-11, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>It is an exemplary 50 ft concrete arch bridge, which the Nebraska State Engineer commended as a well-constructed bridge of this type. Prior to the construction of the bridge, Clay County had mainly built wooden and steel bridges; however, after building the Deering Bridge it gradually shifted to constructing concrete bridges. The bridge extends between Clay County and Fillmore County.</p><br>
<p>Beach Station a national historic district located near Chesterfield, in Chesterfield County, Virginia. The district includes six contributing buildings and one contributing site in the Village of Beach. They were all constructed about 1890 and are two single-family dwellings, a post office, a railway depot, an outbuilding, two railroad shanties, and the ruins of the former general store. Beach Station was accessible from the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad later named the Tidewater and Western Railroad. Leasing arrangements had been made with the Brighthope Railway company which was sold to become the Farmville and Powhatan. The district represents an unusual collection of late-nineteenth-century buildings in their historic surroundings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Raleigh Mound  is a Native American mound in the village of Fredericktown, Ohio, United States. Built thousands of years ago, the mound is an important archaeological site.</p><br>
<p>The site&#39;s original name was "Rowley Mound", given in honor of a Mr. Rowley, the property owner. Both spellings have been used by federal sources; different editions of United States Geological Survey maps use both spellings, the United States Board on Geographic Names officially determined to spell it "Rowley" in 1963, and the National Park Service lists it as "Raleigh" while noting "Rowley" as a variant.</p><br>
<p>Raleigh measures approximately 20 ft tall with a diameter of uncertain size, ranging between 80 ft and 90 ft. Its precise size cannot be determined: the mound was built atop a small hill, and thousands of years of erosion have molded the two into a single shape. The mound was excavated at an uncertain time in the past, and the excavators recovered a distinctive artifact of a type of gorget known as an "expanded-center bar". Such a gorget is distinctive of sites affiliated with the mound-building Adena culture, which was responsible for heavy activity in the vicinity of modern Fredericktown — another Adena site, the Stackhouse Mound and Works, sits to the northeast less than 1 mi away.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Raleigh Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its archaeological importance. Significant to this designation was its relationship to the Stackhouse site, as the nearby placement of the latter&#39;s larger earthworks and village site meant that a detailed investigation of the mound would have a chance of providing archaeologists with an unusually detailed understanding of the people who built it.</p><br>
<p>The Morris Sharp House is a historic residence in the city of Washington Court House, Ohio, United States. Built to be the home of one of the city&#39;s leading citizens, it has remained the architectural landmark that it was designed to be. The house has served as a museum for nearly fifty years, and it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Morris Sharp</h2><br>
<p>Morris Sharp was born at Aberdeen, Ohio in 1838, and with his family he moved to Jamestown in 1851 before settling in Washington Court House. He joined his father in the family business after completing his education, but after his health failed him, he was compelled to change his vocation, and upon the formation of the Merchants and Farmers Bank in early 1872, Sharp was appointed the banks first cashier. He rapidly became one of the foremost citizens of his adopted city because of his unusual business ability, and until his death in early 1905, he was actively engaged in the management of extensive banking interests and extensive agricultural tracts. A member of the local Methodist church, Sharp was a leading advocate of the prohibitionist cause; he was once the Prohibition Partys candidate for Governor of Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in 1875,</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1958, the Fayette County Historical Society purchased the Morris Sharp House, and seven years later the property was reopened as the Fayette County Museum. It remains in use as a museum to the present; among its exhibits are historic furniture, documents, clothes, and weapons. The house gained further recognition in 1974, when it and an outbuilding were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places for their architectural significance. One of more than a dozen National Register properties in and around Washington Court House, it was one of the first to join the list; only the Fayette County Courthouse achieved this distinction sooner.</p><br>
<p>The Interior Grain Tramway was an aerial tramway built in 1901 near Pullman, Washington to move grain in sacks from the Palouse hills to the Snake River over a horizontal distance of 1,200 m and a vertical fall of 700 m. Grain was stored in warehouses at the top and bottom of the tramway for shipment on riverboats to a railroad terminal at Riparia, Washington, 40 mi away, with a capacity of up to 250,000 bushels per year. The tramway operated until 1938, when competition from rail service made it obsolescent. Eight of the tramways towers remain standing, and at least 27 have collapsed.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Interior Tramway was conceived and financed by Colfax, Washington resident Aaron Kuhn. It is one of several such tramways operated on the Columbia Plateau in the early 20th century. Kuhn, born in Germany in 1857, had emigrated to the United States in 1873, moving around the west until he settled in Colfax in 1883, marrying and starting a general store. At the same time he began buying agricultural land, primarily for wheat and fruit production. In 1901 Kuhn planned for a tramway at the Snake River Breaks, estimating the cost at $7500 to $8000. Leaving the construction in the hands of Kuhn&#39;s general manager Seymour Manning, Kuhn took his family on a tour of Europe. The tram was completed in time for the fall harvest. The next year Kuhn sold most of his properties in Colfax and moved to Spokane, where he became involved in banking and railroads.</p><br>
<p>The tram was acquired by the Balfour-Guthrie Company of Portland, Oregon, who operated the tram and warehouses as the Interior Warehouse Company. By 1908 a railroad line along the Snake passed the lower terminus and sternwheel paddleboats were discontinued. The grain was loaded onto boxcars. By 1938 the railroad system had branched into the interior and the tramway was no longer necessary to move wheat to the rail lines.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The tram was constructed along the same lines as a modern ski lift. A continuous wire cable ran in a loop carrying 130 lb feed sacks. The weight of the sacks as they descended operated the tram, with 64 loaded sacks and 64 empties over the length of the tram. A brakeman at the upper terminal controlled the rate of descent, squeezing the cable with a grip brake. At either end the cable loops back on an 8 ft diameter wheel. The towers are of wood construction, between 6 ft and 13 ft high. The original terminal and lowermost towers were submerged when the level of the Snake was raised 50 ft by the construction of Lower Granite Dam.</p><br>
<p>The Interior Grain Tramway was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 1988.</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania Railroad Station, also referred to as Baker Street Station, is a former passenger rail station in downtown Fort Wayne, Indiana. The American Craftsman-style station opened to the public March 23, 1914, at a cost of $550,000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The station saw its most heavy usage during World War II, when about 3,000 visitors passed through the station daily. The station was also frequented by politicians on whistle stop train tours, including USA Presidents Harding, Coolidge, Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Truman, and Eisenhower.</p><br>
<p>In the second half of the 20th century, the station served as a stop on Amtrak&#39;s Broadway Limited (Chicago—Pittsburgh—New York) line until November 1990 when Amtrak was forced to reroute about 25 miles north of Fort Wayne.</p><br>
<p>Today, Baker Street Station&#39;s concourse is used as a banquet hall and community events space, while the east and west wings have been converted into office space. Over the last decade, residents and local leaders have begun a movement to bring passenger rail service back to the city and station in the form of Amtrak or other high-speed rail service.</p><br>
<p>Although the station has been without passenger rail service for over 20 years, it has remained a landmark to the city, designated a Fort Wayne Local Historic District in 1990. and later, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Lake Buckeye, a natural freshwater lake in eastern Winter Haven, Florida, United States, is somewhat oval in shape. This lake has a 70.24 acre surface area. This lake is bordered on the west side by residences and along most of the north and east by woods. Buckeye Road borders the lake on the south and part of the southeast. This lake is very swamplike along its northern, eastern and southeastern shores. It has a number of floating islands along these areas and at least one on its west shore.</p><br>
<p>The public has access to this lake along most of its southeast shore and all of its south shore, along the right-of-way of Buckeye Road. A public boat ramp is on the southeast shore, again along Buckeye Road. This lake has no public swimming areas. The Hook and Bullet website says Lake Buckeye contains largemouth bass, bluegill and crappie.</p><br>
<p>The Atlantic Public Library, located at the intersection of Race and Arch Streets, is Atlanta, Illinois public library. The library was built in 1908 and has operated continuously since then. Architect Paul A. Moratzs design for the building combines the Neoclassical with an octagonal plan, an uncommon mixture of styles. The building&#39;s eight sides are all symmetrical except for the front, which is broken by a classical portico with Doric columns and a round arched entrance. The library is topped by a red tile roof.</p><br>
<p>Atlantas public library program began in 1873. When the city built its library building in 1908, they did so through community support rather than receiving a grant from the Carnegie Foundation as most other communities did at the time. A clock tower was added to the property in the 1970s, and the Atlanta Museum formerly operated in the librarys basement.</p><br>
<p>The library was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 11, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The New York Court of Appeals Building, officially referred to as Court of Appeals Hall, is located at the corner of Eagle and Pine streets in central Albany, New York, United States. It is a stone Greek Revival building designed in the mid-19th century by Henry Rector. In 1971 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, one of six buildings housing a state&#39;s highest court currently so recognized. Seven years later it was included as a contributing property when the Lafayette Park Historic District was listed on the Register.</p><br>
<p>At the time it was built it was known simply as the State Hall, housing not the court (which sat in the state capitol) but its clerks. In addition to them, it was the offices of several other officials of the state&#39;s executive branch. Four years after its completion, a new state constitution was adopted, uniting two separate court hierarchies into one with the Court of Appeals as the highest court in the state.</p><br>
<p>Rectors design incorporates all three classical orders in the buildings rotunda, and uses stone arches to support the ceilings in an early attempt at fireproofing. It is one of only two extant buildings known to have been designed by him. Other architects were involved in later work on the building. Henry Hobson Richardson designed the courtroom, originally located in the nearby state capitol in the 1880s and described by a visiting Lord Coleridge as "the finest... in the world". Lewis Pilcher oversaw a rear addition in the early 20th century when the courtroom was moved.</p><br>
<p>Pilchers renovation came when the court outgrew its traditional space in the capitol, taking Richardsons courtroom along with it except for the ceiling. The building has been through two more renovations since. In the late 1950s it was refaced and the original foundation replaced. An early 21st-century project removed the cupola, added small wings on both sides and completely overhauled the building&#39;s internal infrastructure as well as restoring much of the original interior decoration.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse occupies half of the block between Columbia, Eagle, Lodge and Pine streets. The building itself takes up the southwestern quadrant; its parking lot the southeast. The land slopes gently to the east, reflecting the proximity of the Hudson River one-half mile (800 m) in that direction.</p><br>
<p>In the surrounding neighborhood are many similarly large buildings, most of them governmental or institutional and contributing properties to their historic districts. North, on the other half of the block, is the Albany County courthouse, an early 20th-century neoclassical building architecturally sympathetic to the Court of Appeals building. South, across Pine, is Albanys City Hall, a stone Romanesque Revival building by Henry Hobson Richardson from the 1880s, also listed on the Register individually. Just to its south, visible from the Court of Appeals building through Corning Park behind City Hall, is St. Peters Episcopal Church, a French Gothic-style edifice by Richard Upjohn and his son that is a National Historic Landmark (NHL) as well as a contributing property to the Downtown Albany Historic District, which borders the Lafayette Park Historic District to the east at this point.</p><br>
<p>Across Eagle Street is the two-acre (2 acre) open space of Academy Park. Across it, slightly to the northwest, straddling the boundary between it and the larger Lafayette Park beyond, is the Old Albany Academy Building, an 1815 stone Federal-style work by Philip Hooker that now serves as administrative offices of the City School District of Albany. Its modest scale is in contrast to the monumental New York State Education Department Building, visible across Lafayette Park. Above it Alfred E. Smith Buildings 34 stories tower over the New York State Capitol, also an NHL, across Washington Avenue (New York State Route 5) to the west. The taller towers of the modernist Empire State Plaza are to the southeast. East of the Court of Appeals building, across Lodge Street, is St. Marys Church, home to the city&#39;s oldest Roman Catholic congregation and another listed property that contributes to the Downtown Albany Historic District.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The building itself is a three-story, 11-by-7-bay structure with a wing on the north, two small wings on the east and a larger addition from the exposed basement on that side. It is faced with load-bearing marble blocks, At the top is a flat roof with a copper-sheathed dome in the center.</p><br>
<p>In the middle of the east (front) facade is a five-bay projecting portico. Six round fluted Ionic columns support a pediment with plain entablature. On the building itself 12 square smooth Doric pilasters divide the bays. Above the main entrance is a relief of the state seal. Both stories are set with narrow nine-over-nine double-hung sash windows.</p><br>
<p>Above the columns and pilasters is a plain frieze divided by a small molded cornice. On the portico, the upper portion of the frieze has the legend "Court of Appeals State of New York" engraved in it. Above it is another, broader, overhanging cornice, also found on the pediment. The third story has the same nine-over-nine double-hung sash. Above it is a smaller cornice and parapet. In the middle of the roof is the dome, clad in stainless steel, with an oculus and gold leaf finial at the top.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Inside the ceilings are supported by groin vaulted stone arches rather than timber framing. Floors and stairs are laid in "marble flag." The first floor has a library and lounge for attorneys, and the John Jay room, for public events and overflow viewing of oral arguments via closed-circuit television. It and other public areas of the first floor have teak paneling and molding.</p><br>
<p>All seven judges chambers are on the second floor, along with their library and the conference room where they meet to cast votes on cases after hearing arguments. They are finished in wooden paneling. An Art Deco chandelier of modern construction lights the conference room. The third floor has some additional library space along with the offices of court and individual judges clerks.</p><br>
<p>Under the dome, the rotunda&#39;s decorative work uses all three classical orders. Plain Doric columns and capitals on the first floor are topped by carved Ionic columns on the second story. They support ornate Corinthian columns at the top. In the ceiling is The Romance of the Skies, a 1,000 ft&sup2; painting depicting the three seasons when the court is in session.</p><br>
<p>In the rear wing is the courtroom, its interior decorated in ornately hand-carved brown oak, similar to its furniture. Oil portraits of past Court of Appeals judges line the walls up to the 22 ft carved plaster ceiling. A fireplace of bronze, marble and Mexican onyx is in one wall. It is floored with a red carpet decorated with geometric patterns.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally, the building housed various state officials rather than the court. Insufficient space at the capitol led to the court&#39;s takeover of the building in the 1910s, the first of three major renovations in a century.</p><br>
<h3>1842–1917: State Hall</h3><br>
<p>Created in 1777 during the Revolution, the state of New York did not assume full governmental responsibilities for its territory until the end of the war and independence. After several other cities had held the title, Albany, the longtime colonial capital, was formally established as the state capital in the 1790s. The new state government did not need many buildings. Both houses of the state legislature met in Albany&#39;s City Hall until the first state capitol was built in 1819, governors rented residences in the city, and the two highest state courts, the Court of Chancery and the Court for the Trial of Impeachments and the Correction of Errors, heard cases in the county courthouse or the capitol. For those officials who needed a dedicated workspace, the first state office building, Old State Hall, was erected in the early 1800s at what is now the corner of Lodge and State streets.</p><br>
<p>In 1833, the occupants complained that the building was running out of space and inadequate in other ways—in particular, they said, the many records kept within it could be destroyed in a fire. The legislature directed the capitol&#39;s trustees to find land for a new building. The trustees acquired the current land and commissioned local architect Henry Rector to design the building.</p><br>
<p>According to architectural critic Talbot Hamlin, Rectors design "proclaimed the complete triumph of the Greek Revival in the Albany region." The column bases and capitals on the exterior were copied from the Temple of Athena Nike on the Acropolis. Marble for the building, mandated by the legislature, was quarried by inmates at the new Sing Sing Prison near the present-day village of Ossining in Westchester County and shipped up the Hudson River on barges. It was completed by 1842 at a total cost of $350,000 ($ in modern dollars). No other buildings of Rectors survive except for a row of houses on Westerlo Street in Albany&#39;s Pastures Historic District.</p><br>
<p>In addition to its architecture, the building would be notable for two aspects of its engineering as well. One was the use of the stone groin vaults to support the ceilings instead of the timber framing common at the time, an early attempt at fireproofing. The other was the stone staircase in the middle of the rotunda, which started at the first floor and cantilevered out up to the third floor with no visible means of support.</p><br>
<p>After the buildings completion, the state chancellor, Register of Chancery, clerk of the Court of Appeals and its Supreme Court moved in. The states executive branch was represented by the attorney general, auditor, canal appraisers and commissioners, comptroller and state engineer and surveyor-general. In 1846, a new state constitution reformed the courts, eliminating the Court of Chancery and relegating the Supreme Court to its current role of both appellate and trial court, supreme in that it has the last word on findings of fact but deferring to the new Court of Appeals on questions of law.</p><br>
<p>However, the tenants of the building remained unchanged. The Court of Appeals sat in the state capitol, both the former building and the current one. In the latter, Henry Hobson Richardson, supervising a construction process that had become delayed since it began in the early 1870s from Thomas Fuller&#39;s original plan, designed an ornate wooden courtroom with carved oak walls and furniture. The judges began hearing oral arguments there in 1884. It was described by a visiting Lord Coleridge, Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, as "the finest courtroom in the world."</p><br>
<p>As the 19th century became the 20th, the state grew and with it its government. By 1909 the judges and lawyers alike were complaining that the court&#39;s capitol space was inadequate to its modern legal needs. The following year the legislature directed the court to appoint one of its judges to work with the state architect, then Franklin B. Ware, to determine whether the old State Hall could be renovated into an adequate facility. The court appointed Judge William E. Werner. He and Ware commissioned a report from a Rochester architect who concluded that such a renovation was possible.</p><br>
<p>Even though the fire that ravaged the capitol in 1911 made the need for new court space more pressing, Ware refused to endorse the report, saying the renovation proposed was inadequate. Instead, he proposed redeveloping the entire area around the capitol (today the Lafayette Park Historic District) in a manner similar to Capitol Hill in Washington, including a new courthouse on Swan Street.</p><br>
<p>Wares plan was rejected, and Lewis Pilcher replaced him as state architect. He proceeded with the planned renovation of State Hall. In keeping with the wishes of Chief Judge Willard Bartlett, Pilchers most significant change to the building was a wing on the east to accommodate Richardsons courtroom, which was possible except for its original ceiling. On the interior of the existing building, the rotunda was faced in dark yellow faux Caen stone, and the judges library, conference room and individual chambers were all painted in shades of cream and lit with pendant drop-globes.</p><br>
<p>The court approved the redesign in 1914. Work began after the contract was signed the next year; it was complete in time for a formal dedication at the beginning of 1917. The building was at that time officially renamed Court of Appeals Hall, the legend still on its pediment. Governor Charles S. Whitman spoke at the ceremony, saying the building was now dedicated to "the noblest purpose to which a building or a life can be dedicated, the administration of justice."</p><br>
<h3>1918–1959: Second renovation</h3><br>
<p>For 30 years the converted State Hall served the needs of judges and lawyers alike. But by the late 1940s its age was catching up to it. The state&#39;s Department of Public Works reported that the portico was in danger of collapsing, the interior was looking shabby, and the electrical wiring and heating needed to be replaced. Nothing would be done about this situation until Governor Averell Harriman made a surprise inspection of the building in 1956. Two years later another renovation began under state architect Carl Larson and Judge Charles W. Froessel.</p><br>
<p>The work had been delayed while the judges considered, and rejected, building an entirely new courthouse, as their predecessors had in 1917. They heard cases in the Appellate Division courtroom at the nearby county courthouse, while they received temporary chambers at the capitol. The clerk of courts and his staff took their temporary quarters at an old storage building at Lodge Street and Maiden Lane. The reporter relocated to 6 Elk Street.</p><br>
<p>Early in the renovation, a short circuit in the elevator machine room started a serious fire that destroyed the roof and dome and badly damaged the rotunda. Work continued, and shortly afterward another serious problem occurred when excavations around the foundation disclosed that the eastern corners of the building had each sunk 5 in since 1842, resulting in severe damage to floors, windows, lintels and the interior arches. The original foundations of rubble on clay were replaced with concrete.</p><br>
<p>A larger new dome, 64 ft wide and 23 ft high, built of steel beams and light concrete planks, replaced the original. It was sheathed in lead-coated copper and topped with a wooden cupola. Inside the dome a 34-foot–wide (34 ft) mural by Eugene Savage, The Romance of the Skies, depicts the three seasons during which the court sits. Except for the removal of the cantilevered stone staircase, now deemed too structurally unstable to use, the rotunda remained unchanged.</p><br>
<p>It was the only space inside that did. Many rooms received new coats of paint, and the ceiling arches were hidden from view by new walls. New elevators and stairs were installed to replace the original stone stair. Additional amenities, such as air conditioning, an enamel-walled kitchen and television in the reception room, were added for the judges. Their robing room was paneled in birch. Two of the seven judges had chambers on the first floor; the rest were upstairs. The paintings that hung in Robertson&#39;s courtroom were cleaned and rehung; a new carpet was installed.</p><br>
<p>On the outside much of the original marble was removed and replaced with stone quarried in Vermont. Six Ionic columns and new stairs were built for the reconstructed portico. Above the main entrance, an 8-ton (8 ST) emblem of the state seal sculpted by C. Paul Jennewein was installed.</p><br>
<p>Despite the fire and the structural issues, the project was finished ahead of schedule in 1959. Nelson Rockefeller, who had succeeded Harriman, gave the court his full support. At the rededication ceremony that October, Chief Judge Albert Conway symbolically accepted the keys from him. Conway observed as he did that the new building reflected the "permanence of an ideal".</p><br>
<h3>1960–present: Third renovation</h3><br>
<p>As it had following the 1917 work, the courthouse continued to serve its purpose for the next three decades. By 1999, however, it once again seemed inadequate to the needs of its users. The thick walls made it difficult to adapt for modern electrical and telecommunications purposes. The infrastructure within was almost half a century old, making it difficult to heat and cool the building. The space taken up by those walls meant that the courtroom was the only place the judges and all their combined staff could hold meetings. There were also very few spaces for the public within the building, frustrating attempts to make the court and history transparent and accessible.</p><br>
<p>The judges decided that it was necessary to make some small additions to the building in addition to the infrastructure upgrades. Chief Judge Judith Kaye designated Judge Richard C. Wesley, later elevated to the federal Second Circuit Court of Appeals, as the courts liaison to the project, now managed by the Dormitory Authority of the State of New York as the state architects position had been abolished. After the necessary appropriations from the legislature, work began in 2001. During the 17 months it took, the judges continued to hear arguments in the courtroom but worked out of temporary quarters outside the city. Project architects were DeWolff Partnership Architects LLP.</p><br>
<p>Since the building had been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since its last renovation, preservation and restoration were as important as the expansions. The State Historic Preservation Office was closely involved with the process. It mandated that the newly installed wings on the sides of the building be distinguishable from the original facades after the marble was once again replaced with newly quarried Vermont stone, even though they were architecturally sympathetic to Rector&#39;s original design. As a result, they have narrower bays and pilasters, smooth at the base rather than fluted, to subtly distinguish them from the original building.</p><br>
<p>Elsewhere on the exterior, the dome was made over. The lead-plated copper installed in 1959 was replaced with stainless steel and the cupola from that renovation removed, to be replaced with the current oculus. High-performance glass in it keeps out ultraviolet light and reduces heat inside. The gold-plated sphere that had topped the cupola remains above the oculus.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the renovations once more made the ceiling groin vaults visible. The entire infrastructure was replaced, and the newly created space in the main building, plus the additional space in the wings, brought the building to 93,000 ft&sup2; of total floor space. The Red Room and the Jay Room were created on the first floor to host public functions and exhibits on the history of the court, as well as providing overflow space for those who wished to hear oral arguments in cases that attracted significant interest. All the judges&#39; chambers were now located on the second floor, a change that Kaye had particularly sought.</p><br>
<p>Photographs and other historical records were studied closely for information about interior decoration that matched earlier eras. The rotunda was done in shades of beige, cream and yellow, as it had appeared to be originally. On the first floor carpets, blues and reds were used following early 20th-century practices. The Red Room and all offices similarly have a painted faux-finish on the walls. Since the third floor is now largely new construction, it uses green primarily. Lighting used throughout duplicates the 1959 renovation, except in the courtroom, where reconstructions of the 1884 chandeliers complement a newly designed carpet.</p><br>
<p>Josephine City School is a historic school building for African-American children located at Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia. It was built about 1882, and is a rectangular, one-story, frame building with a gable roof and a four-bay side gable entrance facade. The school measures approximately 40 feet long and 30 feet wide. It is part of a school complex for African American children that included the Josephine City School; the 1930 brick Clarke County Training School; and a 1941 frame building that was constructed as additional agriculture classrooms. It was used as an elementary school until 1930, when it was moved a short distance from its original location, and used as the Clarke County Training School&#39;s home economics and agriculture classrooms. It was used for classrooms until 1971, when it was turned into storage space, after which it was converted into low/moderate-income elderly housing.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Part of the building now houses the Josephine School Community Museum and Clarke County African-American Cultural Center. Opened in 2003, the museum displays the history of Clarke County&#39;s African-American community.</p><br>
<p>Wickliffe Church is a historic Episcopal church building located in Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia. The church has not been in active use since 1918, except for an annual homecoming service held in August and occasional special events.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This brick church was built in 1846 to replace an earlier stone church built between 1817 and 1819, when Episcopalian families in the area found travel over bad roads to Old Chapel (Millwood, Virginia) or Christ Episcopal Church (Winchester, Virginia) too difficult. Its name honors John Wycliffe, who first translated the Bible into English. Rev. William Meade, who lived in what became Clark parish, served all three of those churches until about 1821, when he arranged for assistants to handle Wickliffe and Morgan Chapel in Bunker Hill, West Virginia, as well as Christ Church in Winchester and Old Chapel during his evangelistic travels throughout Virginia (which then included West Virginia) and nearby states. Meade became an assistant bishop in 1829 and Bishop of Virginia in 1841, but continued to make his home in Clarke County and travel extensively.</p><br>
<p>The Episcopal Diocese of Virginia authorized creation of Wickliffe parish in 1834, two years before the Virginia General Assembly split Clarke County from Frederick County and Berryville became the new countys seat. The current main church in the parish, Grace Episcopal Church (Berryville, Virginia), about nine miles away, was founded a dozen years after Wickliffe. It became a parish in its own right in 1853, during perhaps the areas time of greatest economic prosperity, with young Rev. Francis McNeece Whittle (a future bishop of Virginia) as the first rector in Berryville and Rev. William McGuire at Wickliffe. Meade considered the earlier stone church poorly constructed, and it had become dangerous by 1845, so it was torn down and the present brick structure built. A school, Wycliffe Academy, operated on the property from 1828 until 1852, and 1865-1867.</p><br>
<p>The Cool Spring/Snicker&#39;s Ferry area nearby was the site of a battle on July 17-18, 1864, that was the most extensive engagement in Clarke County during the American Civil War. It marked the end of a campaign against Washington D.C. led by Confederate General Jubal Early and proved the reason for appointment of Union General Philip Sheridan to command government forces in the area as the Valley Campaigns of 1864 continued (and Union forces captured Winchester for the third and final time on September 19). Immediately before their victory in the Battle of Cool Spring, Confederate infantry commanded by Major General Robert E. Rodes camped on the church grounds.</p><br>
<p>After the war, this congregation became known for its evangelism, founding additional mission churches nearby, including St. Marys in Berryville and Church of the Good Shepherd at Snickers Gap (Bluemont, Virginia), as well as St. Johns Church in Rippon, West Virginia in the 1870s and Christ Church also in Jefferson County, West Virginia. In 1905, Hannah Williams donated funds to construct a school to educate African Americans. That building was later moved to Berryville and is now the parish hall of St. Marys Episcopal Church</p><br>
<p>In 1918 due to a declining congregation (and the advent of automobile transportation), the congregation merged with Grace Episcopal Church in Berryville, which preserves the old church (which is available for weddings and other events) and holds an annual homecoming in mid-August.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story, brick church achieved Virginia and National Landmark status in 1995 as a nearly pristine example of the Greek Revival style. Wickliffe Church features a distinctive distyle-in-antis portico with Doric order columns providing access to two entrance doors which open into the nave. Additional doors on either side provide access to stairways which ascend to the gallery. The church also features stepped gables and an open belfry. Wickliffe Church retains a high degree of integrity, having never been updated with electricity, plumbing, or other modern alterations.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property is a contributing cemetery with the remains of members of the Williams family, donors of the land on which the church was built.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. Later that year, Virginia began the historic recognition process for the Cool Spring Battlefield historic district The district was included in the National Register in 1997, but revised in 2014 to eliminate a building constructed circa 1880 and an archeological site that had been disturbed during road construction and did not relate to the Civil War period.</p><br>
<p>The Downey Building is a historic building located at 110-112 Southwest Arch Street in Atlanta. The Italianate building was constructed in 1867 by local businessman Alexander Downey. The building contains two storefronts, which have historically housed separate businesses.</p><br>
<p>The Exchange National Bank of Atlanta moved into the south side of the building shortly after it opened; at the time, it was the only bank in Atlanta, as it had been chartered the previous year after the previous bank shut down. The bank later changed its name to the First National Bank of Atlanta and the Atlanta National Bank. In 1916, the bank relocated, and John Luther Bevan acquired the space for his and his son&#39;s law office. His son, Samuel Bevan, used the office until his death in 1960. The south side of the building now houses an annex of the Atlanta Museum.</p><br>
<p>The north side of the building housed various businesses until 1934, when James Robert Adams opened the Palms Grill Café in that storefront. The grill was both a community gathering place and a stop for travelers on USA Route 66. In addition to serving food, the café also hosted community gatherings such as dances and bingo. It also served as Atlanta&#39;s Greyhound Bus stop. The restaurant featured a large neon sign in front, which was also used to signal buses.</p><br>
<p>The restaurant was closed during the 1960s but reopened in 2009 after the building was extensively renovated. It is now a popular stop on Historic Route 66 in Illinois. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 25, 2004.</p><br>
<p>The J. H. Hawes Elevator is a historic grain elevator located on 2nd Street in Atlanta, Illinois. The elevator was built in 1903 along the Illinois Midland Railroad; it was used to store locally farmed grain before the railroad shipped it to cities such as Peoria, Decatur, and Terre Haute, Indiana. Built by McIntyre and Wykle, the elevator is an example of a studded grain elevator, which uses vertical wooden studs in its walls to form its internal grain bins. The elevator operated until 1975. It was later restored to its original condition and is now a museum.</p><br>
<p>The elevator was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 17, 1991. It is the only restored wooden grain elevator on the National Register in Illinois.</p><br>
<p>The Sixth Street School, at Sixth and C Sts. in Hawthorne, Nevada, was built in 1936 and expanded later, including in 1942 and 1950. Also known as Hawthorne Elementary School, it is an Art Deco style building that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1999.</p><br>
<p>It was funded by a local bond issue rather than by any New Deal program, although its expansion was funded by federal programs, after the start of World War II led to growth at the 1928-founded Hawthorne Naval Ammunition Depot and to "tremendous" local population growth. It was deemed significant for its association with military history, and is also locally significant as an Art Deco work, designed by a young and "enthusiastic" architect, University of Pennsylvania-trained Willis Humphry Church.</p><br>
<p>No longer a school as of the time of its NRHP listing, it is located kitty-corner across from the former Mineral County Courthouse building, which also is NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>Old Chapel is a historic Episcopal church building located near Millwood, Clarke County, Virginia. Old Chapel is now the oldest Episcopal church building still in use west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. In 2014, the Chapel Rural Historic District was recognized, and which encompasses both Cunningham parish churches, discussed below, as well as approximately 700 other structures and an area of nearly 10,500 acres.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 18th century it was known as Cunninghams Chapel for the tavern located nearby at the location of two historic roads—the Old Dutch Wagon Road westward from Alexandria to Frederick, Maryland and the Ohio River Valley (what in the Federal period became the National Road now route 340) and the shorter east-west highway from Burwells mill in Millwood (now numbered 255).</p><br>
<p>The original log church authorized by the Virginia General Assembly (when it created the large Frederick Parish with several auxiliary chapels of ease) in 1738 was built some time between 1740 and 1750 (the slow building process led to accusations of malfeasance and litigation before the General Court in Williamsburg). It was reroofed and renovated in 1762, but destroyed during the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>The current building was authorized in 1790 and completed circa 1793. It was the home parish of Bishop William Meade, who for a time served under Frederick Parishs longtime rector, Rev. Alexander Balmain (of Scotland and later Winchester, Virginia). Meade served as the priest in charge here for 25 years (and effectively moved the parishs headquarters here upon Rev. Balmain&#39;s death), although he secured construction of Christ Church in Millwood (as discussed below) around the time of his consecration as assistant bishop of Virginia, and a successor was soon hired for the parish. As a plaque inside relates, Bishop Meade expected to be buried here, but he died in Richmond, Virginia, and was initially buried at the Hollywood, and his remains later moved to the cemetery of Virginia Theological Seminary in Alexandria.</p><br>
<p>Also on the Old Chapel property is a contributing cemetery, originally on land donated by the Burwell family. It holds the grave of founding father (and former Virginia governor and USA Attorney General) Edmund Randolph, as well as many members of the Burwell, Nelson and Randolph families. Like the later Meade Memorial Church cemetery (discussed below), it also has a memorial to Confederate war dead.</p><br>
<h2>Related Churches</h2><br>
<p>In 1816, population growth (and the donation of land by a local family) led to construction of a wooden chapel of ease about ten miles away at the intersection of the road to Alexandria with the road to Greenway Court, the estate of Lord Fairfax, who initially worshipped here or at what became Christ Episcopal Church (Winchester, Virginia). That chapel was rebuilt as Wickliffe Church in 1853, during the area&#39;s era of greatest prosperity, and is itself a historic site.</p><br>
<p>The parish nonetheless kept growing, and by 1826 this building was too small to serve its needs. In 1832 Christ Church, Millwood was consecrated about three miles away down what became known as Bishop Meade Road (VA255) (formal address is 809 Bishop Meade Road, Millwood VA 22646). The new chapel (finished in 1834) was nearer Bishop Meade&#39;s home, across the street from (Carter Hall) (the home of the prominent Burwell family which had donated the land), and nearer the mill, school and post office. Clarke County also formally separated from Frederick County in 1836, with the redrawn parish remaining in Clarke County (although not formally named Cunningham Chapel Parish until 1868).</p><br>
<p>On March 29, 1853, the vestry voted to hold at least two services per year at the Old Chapel, once in the spring and once in the fall. It was also used for services by the local African American community. This church is still used for a sunrise service on Easter Sunday and on the second Sunday in September.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church Millwood was rebuilt in Gothic Style in 1892 and again in 1947 after a severe fire. Its rectory became the Parish Hall, and the vestry remains responsible for both properties. In 1912, the parish began building another gothic structure about four miles away, near the Boyce railroad station. That structure, a contributing building to the Boyce Historic District as are the Methodist Church also built in 1916 and Baptist Church built in 1910, was deconsecrated in 2012 and is now being redeveloped.</p><br>
<p>In 1872, Rev. Joseph Ravenscroft Jones, rector of Cunningham Parish since 1858, laid the cornerstone for Meade Memorial Church in White Post, close to the deceased bishop&#39;s home. That church was consecrated in 1875 and remained in use despite a declining congregation until 1967, when it was closed for nearly three decades. However, the area again grew in population, so the church was reopened in 1996 and remains an active (although small) congregation today.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The current historic stone church has a single story, three bay by three bay design, and a shingle covered gable roof. The spare interior has a carved wooden pulpit and balcony accessible by a steep stairway. It also has memorial plaque for Bishop Meade, as well as several post-Civil War caretakers.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Colonel Nathaniel Burwell of Carter Hall (1750–1814)</p><br>
<p>John Esten Cooke</p><br>
<p>Governor Edmund Randolph (1753–1813)</p><br>
<p>Millwood Colored School, now known as Millwood Community Center, is a historic school building for African-American children located at Boyce, Clarke County, Virginia. It was built about 1910, and is a one-story, hip-roofed school has a two-room plan with coat closets, and a kitchen. The building measures approximately 60 feet long and 30 feet wide. It features a recessed entry, two entrance doors, overhanging eaves with scalloped exposed rafter ends, double-hung windows with wooden tracery, five-panel doors, and sits on a limestone foundation. It was used as an elementary school until 1952, then sold to the Millwood Good Will Association for use as a community center.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Annefield or Annfield is a historic plantation house located near Boyce, Clarke County, Virginia. Matthew Page  built it beginning around 1790, and named it after his new wife, Ann Randolph Meade , daughter of Richard Kidder Meade and sister of William Meade, whom he married in 1799.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Matthew Page, born in Hanover County, moved with his brother to the then-frontier Frederick County (from which Clarke County later split), and became one of its wealthiest men. He acquired a plantation on the westward road near the Potomac River between Alexandria and Winchester, and expanded it to more than 2000 acres, which he operated using about 200 slaves. Following her conversion to Christianity, his wife Ann became one of the leading anti-slavery activists in the South, although her husband refused to allow her to emancipate slaves in his lifetime. Ann Meade Pages good friend Molly Custis also opposed slavery (freeing her slaves and persuading her husband George Washington Parke Custis to free the remaining slaves in his will), and her daughter Mary Custis (1808-1873), wife of Robert E. Lee, was born at Annefield during one of her mothers visits. Despite criticism from her neighbors that she was "slave to the slaves", Ann Page replaced the dormitory style slave quarters at Annefield, and taught African Americans at the plantation, even those not enslaved there. Both women were active in the American Colonization Society, and Rev. Charles Wesley Andrews (who came from Vermont to assist at the local parish and became active in that society), married Page&#39;s daughter Sarah.</p><br>
<p>Matthew Pages extensive will and codicil written shortly before his death in 1826 divided the slaves by families among his wife, daughter Sarah, nephews John W. and William B. Page and niece Sarah W. Brooke, with the balance of the estate to be given by its administrator William Byrd Page to Matthew Pages daughters Sarah and Mary (for whom William Meade served as guardian) and their issue. Ann Page received some money from the estate (from collecting debts owed it as well as selling slaves and other property) in 1829 to care for elderly slaves. Between 1832 and her 1838 death, she sent three groups of slaves (34 people) from Annefield to Liberia, and gave others the option of going to Liberia in her will, for which Rev. Andrews was executor.</p><br>
<p>After Ann Page&#39;s death, Annefield was sold to Thomas Carter. His son William Page Carter (b. 1840-19??) became a Captain in the Confederate Light Artillery. Wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines outside Richmond, he began writing poetry, at first under a pseudonym, and later married Lucy Page of Philadelphia and lived in Washington, D.C. His book Echoes from the Glen in Divers Keys (1905) is available from the Internet Archive.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story, stone mansion is seven bays by four bays, with a hipped roof. The central door is flanked by narrow windows and has a two-level pedimented porch supported by Roman Ionic columns. Later a 1 1/2-story, stuccoed frame rear ell was added. It features a considerable carved interior woodwork, including modillioned cornice and balustraded deck, as well as four interior end chimneys. Also on the property is a contributing kitchen building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>Allen Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church is an African Methodist Episcopal  church located at 902 Broadway in Lincoln, Illinois. The church was built in 1880 to house Lincolns African Methodist Episcopal congregation, which formed in 1868. The building has a vernacular design with Gothic arched windows and entrances. As a black church, Allen Chapel served as a center of Lincolns small African-American community. The church hosted the communitys religious and social events, and as an AME church it provided AME publications to and helped educate its members. As Lincoln was both segregated and predominantly white for much of the churchs early history, the church played an important role as one of the few organizations dedicated to improving the lives of the city&#39;s black residents. The church is still used for religious services.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Pic de Belledonne is the highest mountain in the Belledonne massif in the Dauphiné Alps at 2,977 m.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Situated in the French department of Isère, the Grand Pic of Belledonne dominates the valley of Grésivaudan and partners the Pic Central of Belledonne and the Croix de Belledonne. These three summits dominate the Freydane glacier.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Étienne Favier performed the first ascent dates on, via the valley of Eau d&#39;Olle and the Lac De Belledonne. He repeated that ascent on with his son, Émile Viallet and Auguste Michel.</p><br>
<p>In 1875, the Société des Touristes du Dauphiné constructed the refuge of Belledonne (now in ruins) above the "lac de Belledonne".</p><br>
<p>The corridor separating the Grand Peak from the Central peak is named after the alpinist Auguste Reynier who, in 1891, made the first climb via the Freydane glacier.</p><br>
<p>Gaston Rébuffat was the first to climb the mountain from the north in 1944, accompanied by Michel Chevalier.</p><br>
<p>The Arndt Prune Dryer is a specialized agricultural building in Ridgefield, Washington. Built about 1898, it is one of the last traditional farm-built prune dryer buildings in Washington, using a wood fire and natural draft to dry locally-grown fruit. Prunes were a major crop in the Vancouver region, as the dried fruit could be shipped economically to markets without refrigeration or spoilage.</p><br>
<p>The prune dryer is a one-story wood frame building, originally about 14 ft by 15 ft, built for William Arndt by a carpenter. It was expanded to its present size of 230 ft by 40 ft in 1920 by Fred Arndt. The structure is gabled on its narrow ends, with a shed roofed extension to the rear and a similar extension on the front with a partial porch. The walls are clad with vertical wood siding. A small shed extension is attached to the rear gable. The shake roof is crowned by a tall, narrow wood ventilator with a gabled cap that runs perpendicular to the main roof ridgeline. The whole structure rests on squared stone piers, raising it above the slope of the hillside to allow access to the furnace for stoking. The original site-built furnace was replaced in 1954 by a cast iron "Hercules" furnace taken from another prune dryer. Another stove is located outside to heat water for prune processing.</p><br>
<p>The Arndt Prune Dryer was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 4, 1979.</p><br>
<p>Puritama Hot Springs  is a series of eight large pools of geothermal spring water located at the bottom of a canyon in the Atacama Desert, in the Antofagasta Region in the north of Chile. It is located at an altitude of 3,475 meters above sea level, 30 km northeast of the town and commune of San Pedro de Atacama and 348 km northeast of Antofagasta, and is a popular tourist attraction.</p><br>
<h2>Attractions</h2><br>
<p>The hot springs are managed by now, since 2011, the Explora hotel, charging for $15.000 Chilean pesos to get in (Spanish: Consejo de pueblos Atacameños) who are responsible for maintaining the modern tourist facilities. Facilities include the outdoor pools connected by wooden footpaths, some waterfalls, and changing rooms. The area surrounding the springs is a site of archeological and cultural interest, especially the town of San Pedro de Atacama, which was declared a “traditional zone” (Spanish: "Zona típica") in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Nearby, other places to visit include the Valley of the Moon, Atacama Salt Flat, the characteristic town of Toconao, Los Flamencos National Reserve and the El Tatio Geysers.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>The Puritama Hot Springs were known for centuries and used for medicinal purposes by the local Atacama people, or Atacameño. However, they only opened to the public relatively recently. The sodium sulfate waters are recommended for rheumatism, arthritis, stress, physical fatigue and other ailments.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Mission is a mission that was established in Oregon Territory , United States  by Jesuit priests in 1852. The mission is located near Tampico, Washington and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fathers Louis Dherbomez and Charles Pandosy founded St. Josephs mission on April 3, 1852, near Ahtanum Creek in the upper Yakima Valley near present day Yakima. Dherbomez, originally from Le Havre, France arrived in Oregon Territory on 1847, and was ordained a year later. Prior to founding the St. Josephs Mission, D&#39;herbomez served as priest of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. Pandosy served at the Saint Rose Mission near Richland and at Conception Mission near Ellensburg.</p><br>
<p>Archbishop F. N. Blanchet instructed Dherbomez and Pandosy to construct the mission at the summer camp of Yakama Chief Kamiakin, at Kamiakins request. The mission was constructed on a 677 acre site along Ahtanum Creek, near present-day Tampico. Kamiakin&#39;s men helped excavate primitive irrigation canals in the arid soil, allowing them to raise various crops including wheat, corn, pumpkin, potatoes and melons.</p><br>
<p>The mission was burned down in 1855 during the Yakima Indian War by US army soldiers suspicious that the priests had been collaborating with the Yakama&#39;s. The mission was re-established in September 1867 and, a few months later, was rebuilt with the help of the Yakama people. The rebuilt mission was finished in 1870.</p><br>
<p>Arrow Peak is a high mountain summit in the Grenadier Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 13,809 ft thirteener is located in the Weminuche Wilderness of San Juan National Forest, 14.0 km south-southeast  of the Town of Silverton in San Juan County, Colorado, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain</h2><br>
<p>Arrow Peak ranks 123rd among the highest mountains in Colorado and 182nd in the whole of the United States. Some of the peaks nearest to it are: Vestal Peak, Graystone Peak, Electric Peak, Point Pun, West Trinity, and Mount Garfield.</p><br>
<p>Arrow Peak falls under the Grenadier Range of San Juan Mountains. Given its rocky face, Arrow Peak, like other peaks of the Grenadier Range, offers one of the best mountaineering adventures in Colorado. History has it that the first Americans to scale Arrow Peak were William Cooper and John Hubbard in 1908, which was followed by a second ascent in 1932 by Carleton Long and John Nelson via a more arduous route called the Greystone-Arrow saddle.</p><br>
<p>Arrow Peak and its neighboring, peaks, especially Vestal Peak, all formed from the metamorphic rock quartzite, are considered hard climbs, Arrow Peak ranking as the toughest before a new route was found.</p><br>
<p>Knob Mountain  is a ridge in the northeastern part of Columbia County, Pennsylvania and parts of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. Its elevation is over 1720 feet above sea level. Knob Mountain can be seen from a considerable distance, and is also visible from Bloomsburg.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and geography</h2><br>
<p>Knob Mountain&#39;s western terminus is near Orangeville. The mountain runs eastward and slightly northward for ten or twelve miles (16 or 20 kilometers) before descending to the level of the surrounding land, slightly over the Luzerne County line. However, it has a slightly lower subsidiary peak known as Huntington Mountain that extends in approximately the same direction as the main mountain as far as Shickshinny.</p><br>
<p>Knob Mountain is a fairly steep mountain. It is more steep on its northern side than it is on its southern side. Its base is in the watersheds of Fishing Creek and Huntington Creek. The outline of the mountain is fairly uniform. However, there is a notch near the eastern terminus of Knob Mountain.</p><br>
<p>A terminal moraine runs from the nearby Lee Mountain to the southern base of Knob Mountain and then over Knob Mountain to Fishing Creek. The mountain has coarse, hard sandstone near its peak and is situated in the Wyoming coal basin. This coal basin is part of a chain of coal-containing areas that runs between Lackawanna County and Dauphin County. The Wyoming and Lackawanna coal field terminates at Knob Mountain. There is also a red shale basin under the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Lee Mountain and Huntington Mountain are mountains that are near to Knob Mountain, and they can be considered eastward extensions of Knob Mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Knob Mountain can be approached from any direction. Two roads cross over the main part of the mountain. The highest point on the whole ridge is over 1720 feet.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area in the vicinity of Fishing Creek and Knob Mountain was first settled in 1780. However, it was not until 1785 that large numbers of people traveled to the area around Knob Mountain. The settlers that arrived in this year primarily traveled from New Jersey to the mouth of Fishing Creek via Berwick and from the mouth of Fishing Creek up the creek&#39;s valley to near Knob Mountain. Such settlement was, at the time, the northernmost non-native settlement in the Fishing Creek watershed. A community at the base of the mountain was built in 1822. An Indian path once passed over the mountain near its eastern terminus. The Susquehanna and Tioga Turnpike once crossed over Knob Mountain. A township border was once determined to be a heap of stones on the top of Knob Mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna and flora</h2><br>
<p>Knob Mountain has forests at its peak. It is surrounded by agricultural communities. In the early days of civilization in the area around Knob Mountain, the mountain was commonly believed to be home to numerous wolves and bears.</p><br>
<p>Lake Elizabeth is a tiny natural freshwater lake in Winter Haven, Florida. This lake is round and has a 0.91 acre surface area. This lake is bordered on all but the south side by residences along Lake Elizabeth Drive. A normally dry drainage basin, which is much larger than Lake Elizabeth, is on the south side. This lake has many large trees in the properties around it and much of it is always shaded.</p><br>
<p>The public has access to this lake along the rim of the drainage basin, on the south side. There is no public swimming area and no public boat ramp. However, since there is shore access on public land, this lake can be fished. The Hook and Bullet website says Lake Elizabeth contains largemouth bass, bluegill and crappie.</p><br>
<p>Scaleby is a historic estate home and farm located near Boyce, Clarke County, Virginia. The main house and associated outbuildings were built between February 1909 and December 1911. The main house is a 2 1/2-story, nine bay, brick dwelling in the Colonial Revival style. It consists of a main block measuring 100 feet by 70 feet, connected to a dependency by a 36 feet long hyphen. The front facade features a five bay front porch supported by colossal Ionic order columns. Also on the property are the contributing Gardeners Cottage, the Farm Managers House, the stable, the garage, a barn, a double-crib barn, the tenant house, a smokehouse, a water storage facility, the pumphouse, a two-story tower-like water catchment facility, a garden pergola, an ice-well with a gazebo, a stone terrace, and a concrete-lined pond.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Chapel Hill is a historic plantation house located near Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia. The oldest sections of the main house dates to the mid-1820s and is in the Federal style. They are the central two-story, six-bay section, which consists of two distinct gable-roofed blocks; and the two-story, three-bay section now at the southernmost end of the house. The house was remodeled and enlarged in 1941 in the Colonial Revival style, after plans drawn up by George L. Howe, a Washington, DC architect. Also on the property are the contributing stable, groom&#39;s house, frame bank barn, machine shed, corncrib, barn, chicken coop, and three small sheds. The property was purchased by William J. Donovan  in 1938, who subsequently undertook the renovation and expansion of the main house. Noted architect George Howe designed alterations and additions during 1938-1941.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Wilkeson Arch is a monumental gateway structure at the west entrance to Wilkeson, Washington. The stone and timber structure was built in 1925 by the Wilkeson Booster Club, at a cost of $2000. It is similar in design to the Chinook Pass, Nisqually and White River entrance arches in nearby Mount Rainier National Park, deriving its style from the National Park Service Rustic style prevailing in the national park structures of the time. The arch was intended to promote tourism and the local products, coal and sandstone.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Wilkeson Arch is located on Washington State Route 165, standing across the road. The arch comprises two squared pillars of local sandstone with simple stone bases and capitals, topped by log cribbing supporting a single fir (originally cedar) log spanning the road between the pillars. The lintel supports a sign that from the entrance side reads "WILKESON COAL MINES - WILKESON SANDSTONE" and "GATEWAY TO THE CARBON GLACIER." The exit side of the sign reads "TACOMA 30 MILES - SEATTLE 50 MILES and "REMEMBER WILKESON."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The arch was originally located on Route 165 at Brierhill Boulevard, but was damaged during the February 28, 2001 Nisqually earthquake. The structure, rebuilt in 2004 and dedicated in 2009, is now located on 165 near Hill Street, several blocks to the south,</p><br>
<p>The Wilkeson Arch was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Dublin Town Hall was constructed in 1883. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Dublin Town Hall is a 2.5-storey wooden building. The frame is covered by siding, painted white. Another dominant building on the same square (across NH 101), the community church, is also wooden and painted white. The 1916 remodeling was designed to harmonize the building with the church. The building is approximately rectangular with the short side looking at the road. This short (front) side has a Palladian second-floor window, and a number of columns in the first floor. The main roof is a plain gable, except for two appendices in the middle of two longer sides, covering semi-octagonal bays.</p><br>
<p>The side bays are the main remaining feature of the original 1883 building, constructed in the Shingle style, whereas the front wall was completely remodeled in 1916, with the window and the columns added.</p><br>
<p>The Agana Spanish Bridge is a stone arch bridge built in 1800 in Hagåtña, Guam , during the administration of Spanish governor Manuel Muro. It is the only surviving Spanish bridge in Hagåtña, which is the capital of the United States territory of Guam. Also known as Sagon I Tolai Acho, it is located at the southwest corner of Aspenall St. and Rte. 1 and was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Originally it crossed the Hagåtña River, which had been diverted, and it connected the San Ignacio district to the Bilibic district. The bridge was damaged in bombardment during the USA recapture of Guam from Japan in 1944. The Hagåtña River was rechanneled elsewhere, later; the site became a park and the bridge was restored in 1966. The restoration included replacing portions of the bridge by a "stylized concrete wall". A rectangular cement pond area replaced the former riverbed under the bridge.</p><br>
<p>The Shirley Opera House, located at 503 Main St. in Atwood, Kansas, was built in 1907. It is an Early Commercial style building that has served as a theater and as a department store. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant for historical association with entertainment in the community and for its architecture. Its NRHP nomination noted that its construction "coincided with the building of the Rawlins County Courthouse, the creation of permanent sidewalks, and the establishment of a public waterworks. The commercial block building style combined with elegant Victorian detailing established it as a building of merit, meant to bring distinction and permanence to a community that had recently celebrated 25 years of existence." Its upstairs area served the community for political rallies, graduations, dances, and debates, as well as for musicals and traveling road shows. The main floor area was used by various commercial businesses. The building is the sole surviving commercial building of its era in Atwood that has not been significantly altered.</p><br>
<p>Smithfield Farm is a historic plantation house and farm located near Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia. The manor house was completed in 1824, and is a two-story, five bay, brick dwelling in the Federal-style. It has a low hipped roof and front and rear porticos. Also on the property are the a schoolteacher&#39;s residence and a combination farm office and a summer kitchen, each with stepped parapet facades. Also on the property are the contributing large brick bank barn , a brick equipment shed, a slave quarters, and a stone stable, all built around 1820, and a wooden barn .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. Presently the house is a popular bed & breakfast, and home to organic farmer and New York Times bestselling author Forrest Pritchard.</p><br>
<p>China Grove is a historic plantation house located near Oriental, North Carolina. Built sometime in the late-18th century to early-19th century, the Federal style home was named for a row of chinaberry trees that once led to its entrance. China Grove is one of North Carolinas most dramatically sited plantation homes, overlooking the Neuse River at one of its widest points, near the mouth of Dawsons Creek. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places  in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>China Grove is thought to be the second oldest house in Pamlico County. While the home&#39;s builder and date of construction are uncertain, estimates vary from 1790 to 1813. On November 12, 1803, Edward Carraway was granted a land patent for a 250-acre (100 ha) plantation, with the price being 50 shillings per 100 acre. In November of the following year he sold the land to Williams S. Sparrow for $1,300. The change in the property value of the plantation by 1804 suggests that the house was built before then by owner Carraway, although a descendent of Sparrow claims that Sparrow built the house in 1812 or 1813.</p><br>
<p>Sparrow was involved in the turpentine trade and also the owner of a lumber and grist mill on nearby Beards Creek. When he died in 1827, Sparrow left his family 31 slaves and a considerably larger plantation than what he had originally purchased. According to the 1850 United States Census, his widow, Henrietta Sparrow, owned 250 developed acres and 2,500 acre of unimproved land, valued at $3,000. The next census showed she owned 28 slaves living in five cabins on her property. China Grove was auctioned off in 1869 for only $50. The winning bidder, Amos Wade, was the first of fifteen successive owners of the property until 1934. That year, owner Gurney P. Hood, the North Carolina Commissioner of Banks, sold China Grove to J. W. Cowell. When Cowell sold the property in 1963 to L. A. Stith, China Grove was in a state of serious disrepair. Stith extensively renovated the house while leaving the major architectural elements unscathed. China Grove was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 6, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>China Grove, one of five similar houses that survived into the twentieth century, is the largest of the group. It is the only house of the group with dormers, which contribute greatly to the airiness of the garret. Its finish is slightly finer, with more elaborate chimneypieces. The China Grove stair is the only one of the five that is decorated with wave brackets under the step-ends. The three-story Federal style building features brick chimneys constructed in a Flemish bond at each end of the house. The home&#39;s most notable feature is a two-story front porch under the gable roof that offers views of the Neuse River. The front of the house features four bays while the side of the home is only two bays deep since the front porch acts as a third bay. A modern small one-story porch is located on the rear side of the house. Three dormers are on the front of the house and two are on the rear portion. The original beaded siding has been replaced with simple weatherboards.</p><br>
<p>The original design of the house included an off-center hallway with a large room on one end and a smaller room on the other end. The smaller room was later divided with the rear portion being converted into a kitchen. Plastered walls and molded chair rails run along the entire lengths of the first and second floors. The Federal style stairway features a transverse landing, a square newel, and a rounded handrail on top of rectangular pickets. The step-ends are decorated with a wavy bracket. The Adamesque style mantels in the larger rooms have fluted pilasters while the smaller rooms have simple paneled pilasters. The attic has three rooms; the stair rises into a center passage. The east room is the same size as the rooms immediately below. The space above the first and second floor west rooms is divided longitudinally into two rooms. These garret rooms have batten doors.</p><br>
<p>The S. P. Gebhart House, at 105 N. Iuka St. in Pratt, Kansas, is a foursquare house with Colonial Revival style that was built in c.1907-1910. It was designed and built by local contractor Harry Newton Duckworth. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>It was home of Samuel P. Gebhart (c.1853-1935) editor and publisher of the Pratt Union newspaper and who long served on the City Council and once served as mayor. It was built by Duckworth, who built many local homes throughout southeastern Kansas, using windows and woodwork that were imported.</p><br>
<p>The house was deemed significant for its associations with Gebhart and with Duckworth, and for its architecture; it retained "an extraordinary high degree of architectural and structural integrity."</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Hunter House, also known as the Hunter-Dearborn House, is a historic house Arkansas Highway 5, a short way east of its junction with Arkansas Highway 183 in Bryant, Arkansas. It is a single-story wood frame house, three bays wide, with a hip roof and a hip-roofed porch extending across part of its front, supported by four Tuscan columns. A pedimented pavilion projects above the entry steps from the porch. The house&#39;s construction date is uncertain , but its appearance is derived from alterations in the 1870s and early 20th century. The house is significant for its association with Reverend Andrew Hunter, who was prominent in bringing Methodism to Arkansas. Hunter was born in Ireland and came to Arkansas in approximately 1836, and purchased this house around 1870 from William Field, its probable builder.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
